Houby se nedokážou aktivně pohybovat na větší vzdálenosti a většina druhů využívá ke svému šíření spory. Tyto mikroskopické propagule se vyznačují velmi rozmanitou morfologií a jejich tvar, mechanismus i doba uvolňování často odrážejí unikátní adaptace na zefektivnění jejich šíření. Zřejmě nejzásadnějším vektorem houbových spor jsou vzdušné proudy, které je jsou schopny rozšířit desítky až stovky kilometrů od plodnice.

K dalšímu čtení v Živě

Když se řekne vřecko (2015, 1)

Koprofilní houby. Kdo si hoví na trusu? (2019, 1)

Použitá literatura

DRESSAIRE, Emilie, et al. Mushrooms use convectively created airflows to disperse their spores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 113.11: 2833-2838.

GALANTE, Tera E.; HORTON, Thomas R.; SWANEY, Dennis P. 95% of basidiospores fall within 1 m of the cap: a field-and modeling-based study. Mycologia, 2011, 103.6: 1175-1183.

GOLAN, Jacob J.; PRINGLE, Anne. Long-distance dispersal of fungi. Microbiology spectrum, 2017, 5.4: 10.1128/microbiolspec. funk-0047-2016.

INGOLD, Cecil Terence. Fungal spores. Their liberation and dispersal. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.1971.

KULDAU, Gretchen A.; TSAI, Huei-Fung; SCHARDL, Christopher L. Genome sizes of Epichloë species and anamorphic hybrids. Mycologia, 1999, 91.5: 776-782.

NORROS, Veera, et al. Spore production monitoring reveals contrasting seasonal strategies and a trade‐off between spore size and number in wood‐inhabiting fungi. Functional Ecology, 2023, 37.3: 551-563.

NORROS, Veera, et al. Do small spores disperse further than large spores?. Ecology, 2014, 95.6: 1612-1621.

ROPER, Marcus, et al. Explosively launched spores of ascomycete fungi have drag-minimizing shapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008, 105.52: 20583-20588.

ROPER, Marcus, et al. Dispersal of fungal spores on a cooperatively generated wind. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010, 107.41: 17474-17479.

VESELSKÁ, Tereza; KOLAŘÍK, Miroslav. Application of flow cytometry for exploring the evolution of Geosmithia fungi living in association with bark beetles: the role of conidial DNA content. Fungal Ecology, 2015, 13: 83-92.

Fungi cannot actively travel over long distances, and most species rely on spores for their dispersal. These microscopic propagules exhibit highly diverse morphology, and their shape, their mechanism and the timing of their release often reflect unique adaptations to optimise their dispersal. Arguably, the most crucial vectors for fungal spores are air currents, which can carry them tens to hundreds of kilometers away from the fruit body.